Toggle Switch with IR

Toggle switch in this article is a series of toggle switches that are controlled by infrared light. The series toggle switch is made from a combination of data flip-flop CD4013 2 units. Receiver circuit of the infrared light signals arranged with infrared receiver as found on television remote receiver. Infrared signal from remote is used as clock signals and data to the data flip-flop first. then the second flip-flop data set as a toggle flip-flop toggle the output signal is used to drive the relay. for more details can be seen in thethe following image .

Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) that is required to supply voltage range of 12VDC and the output of Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) is dapt used to turn on the lights or other electronic devices with DC or AC voltage source. Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) was isolated from the load that is placed for use as the final relay.

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IR Infra Red Sensor with 7 Segment Display

Infrared light has a difference with ordinary light in general. We can see clearly when a light or light on an object.

As with the infrared light we can not see the manifestation of these rays. Frankly I can not answer when asked why the infrared rays are not visible in the eyes of us. So at night do not hope you can make light by using infrared light. One thing that is often heard from many people that infrared light can utilized for the functions of a camera that can see in dark conditions is often called an infrared camera.

Actually I have explained the working principles of electronic circuit section in this blog is about the basic working principle of a series of infrared sensors are simple. To design this sensor circuit you should not find trouble if you ever make another series of sensors. Its just that the sensor circuit consists of the transmitter and receiver, to learn the basic principles of this series of infrared you can see in the Basic Principles Series Infrared Transmitter and Receiver. In the circuit this time I try to utilize the output of this sensor circuit as a trigger circuit counter or counters.

Picture series of infrared sensors | infrared sensor circuit scheme


Component List:

1. Resistors: R1 (33K), R2 (1K), VR1 (Potensio 100K)
2. Capacitors: C1 (100nF)
3. Transistors: Q2 (BC547 should)
4. Photo transistor: Q1
5. IC: 40 106 (Schimitt trigger), 4026 (Decade counter)
6. 7-Segment

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

In the transmitter circuit arrangement so that our task is only an infrared LED lights up and no shortage or excess of power, therefore, use 680 ohm resistors. On The set of photo transistor receiver serves as a useful tool sensor sensed a change in the intensity of infrared light. When infrared light is not on the photo transistor, the photo transistor is like a switch is open so that the transistor is in cutoff position (open). Because the collector and emitter open it in accordance with the laws of the voltage divider, the collector emitter voltage equal to supply voltage (logic high). The output of these collectors would make a series of counter counting irregularly if we did not dampen the bounce output to the input couinter. To reduce the bounce and clarify the logic signal to be our input to counter circuit, we use Schmitt trigger ignition. Schmitt trigger ignition is very useful for those of you who relate to digital circuits, eg, using the damping bounce of mechanical switches on the input digital circuit.

The series of counters that I use here is to use IC 4026 (Decade Counter), one of the family ic CMOS. IC counter counts up if this will get the clock input changes from logic low to high. This IC can directly connect it to the seven segment because the output is designed for seven segment mmang. So you do not need to use as a modifier decoder IC binary value into a score of 7-segment.

To menmgatur you can rotate the sensor sensitivity potensio VR1 at a critical point, or if necessary you can replace R2 with a more appropriate value.

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Active ir Motion Detector Wiring diagram Schematic

To explore how different motion detectors operate.To successfully build and test an ambient-light-ignoring active IR motion detector.

Background

 There are a wide variety of motion detectors available currently. To allow a better understanding of motion detectors,the following section provides a detailed description of a few different types.

Ultrasonic Motion Detectors

Ultrasonic transducers can be used to detect motion in an area where there are not supposed to be any moving objects.This type of motion detector is most commonly used in burglar alarm systems since they are very effective in this application.

 Figure 1 shows the operation of an ultrasonic motiondetector. There are tw1o transducers: one emits an ultrasonicwave and the other picks up reflections from the differentobjects in the area. The reflected waves arrive at the receiverin constant phase if none of the objects in the area are moving.If something moves, the received signal is shifted in phase. 

A phase comparator detects the shifted phase and sends a triggering pulse to the alarm.Ultrasonic motion detectors have certain advantages and disadvantages when compared with other types of motion detectors. The main advantages is that they are very sensitive and extremely fast acting. However, the largest problem with this type of motion detector is that it sometimes responds to normal environmental vibration that can be caused by a passing car or a plane overhead. Some types of motion detectors use infrared sensors to avoid this problem, but even these detectors have some problems.

 Passive Infrared Motion DetectorIn passive infrared motion detectors, a sensorcontaining an infrared-sensitive phototransistor is placed in thearea to be protected. Circuitry within the sensor detects theinfrared radiation emitted by the intruder`s body and triggersthe alarm. 

The problem with using this type of detector is that it can be falsely triggered by warm air movement or other disturbances that can alter the infrared radiation levels in an area. In order to prevent this problem, newer systems use tw1oinfrared sensors which monitor different zones within a protected area. Logic within system triggers the alarm only when the tw1o zones are activated in sequence, as would occur if a person walked through the protected area.

Active Infrared Motion Detector

Figure 2 shows the operation of an active infrared motion detector. In the active system each sensor consists oftw1o housings. One housing contains an infrared-emitting diode and an infrared-sensitive photo transistor. The other housing contains an infrared reflector.When positioned in front of an entrance to a protected area, the tw1o housings establish an invisible beam. A person entering the area interrupts the beam causing an alarm to be triggered. An active motion detector is much more reliable than a passive one, but it requires careful alignment when it is installed. The detector can be falsely triggered if one of the housings moves slightly and causes a discontinuous beam.

Project

 For our project, we decided to construct an activeinfrared motion detector. Originally, we wanted to build both anIR and an ultrasonic detector, but we decided that an ultrasonicdetector would require too much time for a three week project.However, we also decided that just building an IR motiondetector would probably be a trivial exercise. 

So, we decided to expand on the concept by building an ambient light ignoring motion detector.This type of motion detector uses the same basic concept as the active infrared motion detector. An interruption in a 5kHz modulated pulsating beam that is transmitted by an infrared diode and received by an infrared transistor sets off the alarm. A schematic of this motion detector is given in Figure 3.

 Figure 3. Ambient-Light-Ignoring Active Motion Detector

The schema on the left is the transmitter schema that establishes a 5 kHz modulated infrared beam. As you can see from the schematic of the receiver schema, a resonance-handbarrow amplifier reduces the detector`s sensitivity to stray light. C1 and L1 in IC2A`s feedback loop cause the op amp to pass only those frequencies at or near the LED`s 5 kHz modulation rate. IC2B`s output increases when the received signal is sufficient to drop the negative voltage across C2 below the reference set by R2. The output of this schema is then attached to some load resistance, which can be an alarm or, for demonstration purposes, an LED.

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