Toggle Switch with IR

Toggle switch in this article is a series of toggle switches that are controlled by infrared light. The series toggle switch is made from a combination of data flip-flop CD4013 2 units. Receiver circuit of the infrared light signals arranged with infrared receiver as found on television remote receiver. Infrared signal from remote is used as clock signals and data to the data flip-flop first. then the second flip-flop data set as a toggle flip-flop toggle the output signal is used to drive the relay. for more details can be seen in thethe following image .

Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) that is required to supply voltage range of 12VDC and the output of Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) is dapt used to turn on the lights or other electronic devices with DC or AC voltage source. Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) was isolated from the load that is placed for use as the final relay.

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Alternating on off switch electronic project circuit with explanation

A very simple alternating on off switch electronic circuit project can be designed using an 4096 CMOS hex inverter and some common electronic parts.
IC1is a regular Hex-inverter type and is constructed with MOS P-channel and N-channel enhancement mode devices in a single monolithic structure.
First push from this alternating on off switch activates the relay and another push de-activates the relay.

The type for D1 in not critical, even a 1N4148 will work.
Q1 transistor is an 2N4401 type , but can be replaced with some other type like : N100, NTE123A, 2N3904, 2N2222, 2N4013, etc.
For C2, if you find the relay acts not fast enough, you can change it to a lower value or use a ceramic cap of around 0.1μF.
The circuit can be powered from a 9 or 12 volts DC power supply circuit .

Unused input pins must be connected to an appropriate logic level and unused output pins must be left open.
Relay used in this project is an 6 volts relay type . R4 and LED1 are optional and can be removed from the circuit .

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A serial to parallel converter using the AT89C2051

The example program included with the PG2051 evaluation kit is a basic serial to parallel converter written in 8051 assembler. This is probably a good example of the uses to which an AT89C2051 can be put - it would be hard to get a serial to parallel converter much simpler than the single 20 pin IC in this circuit. The program is meant to serve as a useful example of 8051 serial routines and other programming, whether or not you actually need a serial to parallel converter.

Source: http://airborn.com.au/serial/sertopar.html

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FM 9V transmitter circuit with expllanation

This circuit diagram transmitter is a very simple and useful circuit that require few external components and operates in FM band ( above 100 MHz ) . This circuit diagram transmitter needs to be powered from a 9 volts battery or from another 9 volts regulated power supply . The tuned coil L1, has two output tappings for the antenna connection, marked "A" and "B". These are both low-level outputs and you choose which tapping you want to use ( stable low range, or more unstable but higher range). Tap B (2.5%) takes just a very small portion of signal from the oscillator circuit and therefore gives a very frequency stable transmitter. The output level (around 2.5mW) and range are therefore somewhat reduced. Tap A (10%) delivers very much more power (around 10mW) to the antenna load. This gives you a greater range, but at the expense of frequency stability. All component leads should be kept as short as possible. The LINK wire on the PCB should lay flat on the PCB. Use the cutoff from a resistor leg. Antenna length for circuit diagram transmitter varies with frequency for optimum distance: 90MHz 80 cm, 95MHz 75cm, 100MHz 70 cm, 105 MHz 68 cm. The frequency determining elements (L1, C5 and C6) form a simple LC tuned oscillator. The inherent problem with this type of circuit diagram transmitter is that any external load (antenna) will change the operating frequency.

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Car Stereo Booster with LM2896

Car Stereo Booster with LM2896This car stereo booster uses an LM2896 IC which has two integrated amplifiers. It can be powered with voltages up to 15 volts. The power output is 2.5 watts per channel with an 8 Ω load and supply voltage of 12 volts. Using the bridge tehnique in the circuit gives a power output of 9 watts. The car audio booster can be powered up from 3 up to 15 volts.
Car stereo booster circuit diagram

The load impedance that can be connected at its output can be either 4 Ω or 8 Ω. The supply voltage and the load impedance influence the output power level. This amplifier circuit is designed as a booster for auto radio/cassette players. The current consumption by maximum power output and a 4 Ω load is 1 ampere.

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Circuit High Voltage Generator with HEX FET

The schematic diagram below show a circuit of high voltage generator. This circuit uses a 4049 hex inverter as an oscillator, and you can use ignition transformer from automotive engine. A fly-back transformer is possibly usable too. The 4049 will drive the IRF731 HEX FET. The Q1 must be heatsinked. Here is the schematic diagram of the circuit:

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LED Circuit with Timer 555

This circuit LED reproduces the first LED sequence at this time used by FISA on behalf of Formula single racing. It may perhaps be alive used with slot car sets (such for example HO shin up AFX/Life Like/Tyco sets) or else means of communication controlled cars. IC1, a 555 timer IC, is used as a watch pulse generator. Its output is fed via NAND gates IC2a and IC2c to IC3, a 4024 binary counter. IC2b inverts the O4 output of 4024 binary counter IC3. originally, IC3 is reset and all its outputs are low, together with O4, which causes IC2b to present-day a rational climax to the pin 8 input of IC2c which after that passes pulses from the 555 timer circuit to the clock input of the 4024. IC3 then begins together with.

Following the count has reached binary 1111, the subsequently pulse sends the O4 output of IC3 high, which disables IC2c and IC3 stops with. The four used outputs of IC3 are connected to a resistor ‘ladder’ which acts to the same degree a clear-cut digital to analog convert-er (DAC). As the count increases so does the voltage produced by the side of the top of the ladder and this is connected to the inverting inputs of four comparators inside IC4 (an LM339) and to IC5, which is a 741 op amp furthermore connected while a comparator.

The categorical inputs of the comparators are connected to the taps of a voltage dividing wall, with the drumming voltages settle on using VR1, a 100kO trimpot. As IC3 counts, the rising stepped voltage from the DAC ladder switches the comparators on clothed in sequence, preliminary with IC4d and working up to IC5. in the same way as both comparator is curved on, its pair off of LEDs is lit; former LEDs 1 & 2, next LEDs 3 & 4 and so on. as soon as all five pairs of LEDs are lit, the then pulse from IC1 moves the binary count of IC3 to 10000, so the DAC voltage drops back to zilch and all LEDs are extinguished. by the same spell, with too stops, for the reason that the area of high pressure on O4 causes IC2c to check extra gate pulses. The circuit in that case remains reserve until the counter is reset by urgent pushbutton switch S1. This allows a recent sequence to initiate.

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IR Infra Red Sensor with 7 Segment Display

Infrared light has a difference with ordinary light in general. We can see clearly when a light or light on an object.

As with the infrared light we can not see the manifestation of these rays. Frankly I can not answer when asked why the infrared rays are not visible in the eyes of us. So at night do not hope you can make light by using infrared light. One thing that is often heard from many people that infrared light can utilized for the functions of a camera that can see in dark conditions is often called an infrared camera.

Actually I have explained the working principles of electronic circuit section in this blog is about the basic working principle of a series of infrared sensors are simple. To design this sensor circuit you should not find trouble if you ever make another series of sensors. Its just that the sensor circuit consists of the transmitter and receiver, to learn the basic principles of this series of infrared you can see in the Basic Principles Series Infrared Transmitter and Receiver. In the circuit this time I try to utilize the output of this sensor circuit as a trigger circuit counter or counters.

Picture series of infrared sensors | infrared sensor circuit scheme


Component List:

1. Resistors: R1 (33K), R2 (1K), VR1 (Potensio 100K)
2. Capacitors: C1 (100nF)
3. Transistors: Q2 (BC547 should)
4. Photo transistor: Q1
5. IC: 40 106 (Schimitt trigger), 4026 (Decade counter)
6. 7-Segment

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

In the transmitter circuit arrangement so that our task is only an infrared LED lights up and no shortage or excess of power, therefore, use 680 ohm resistors. On The set of photo transistor receiver serves as a useful tool sensor sensed a change in the intensity of infrared light. When infrared light is not on the photo transistor, the photo transistor is like a switch is open so that the transistor is in cutoff position (open). Because the collector and emitter open it in accordance with the laws of the voltage divider, the collector emitter voltage equal to supply voltage (logic high). The output of these collectors would make a series of counter counting irregularly if we did not dampen the bounce output to the input couinter. To reduce the bounce and clarify the logic signal to be our input to counter circuit, we use Schmitt trigger ignition. Schmitt trigger ignition is very useful for those of you who relate to digital circuits, eg, using the damping bounce of mechanical switches on the input digital circuit.

The series of counters that I use here is to use IC 4026 (Decade Counter), one of the family ic CMOS. IC counter counts up if this will get the clock input changes from logic low to high. This IC can directly connect it to the seven segment because the output is designed for seven segment mmang. So you do not need to use as a modifier decoder IC binary value into a score of 7-segment.

To menmgatur you can rotate the sensor sensitivity potensio VR1 at a critical point, or if necessary you can replace R2 with a more appropriate value.

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Timer with about 10 minutes

Applications of 555 timer IC is very diverse, one series of 10 Minute Timer with IC 555. 10 Minute Timer This circuit uses IC NE555 is set as a monostable multivibrator. The timing of the timer circuit 10 minutes with the IC 555 is governed by the configuration of C2, R4 and R5. The greater the value of C2 at 10-minute timer circuit with IC 555 timer is active then the time will stay longer.

Total resistance value between R4 and R5 also determine the active circuit 10 minute timer with IC 555, where the greater the value the longer time was also active. The core active setting the timer on the set of C2 charging time for 10 minutes on the timer circuit with IC 555. So, with the value of C2 remain so with time on the circuit timing Timer 10 minutes by IC 555 can be set by changing the resistance value R 4 + R 5. Indicators of active timer at 10 minute timer circuit with IC 555 uses the LED D2 and D3 will light up only one course to identify the active timer and the timer has not been met.

Figure 10 Minute Timer circuit with IC 555

Description:

S1 is used to set / reset timer

R5 is used to set the timer to the desired time

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4 x 12 W power amplifier with dynamic distortion detector and diagnostic interface

FEATURES
Requires very few external components
High output power
Fixed gain
Diagnostic facility (distortion, short-circuit and temperature detection)
Good ripple rejection
Mode select switch (operating, mute and stand-by)
Load dump protection
AC and DC short-circuit safe to ground and to VP
Low power dissipation in any short-circuit condition
Thermally protected
Reverse polarity safe
Electrostatic discharge protection
No switch-on/switch-off plop
Flexible leads
Low thermal resistance
Identical inputs.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The TDA8562Q is an integrated class-B output amplifier in a 17-lead single-in-line (SIL) power package. It contains 4 × 12 W single-ended amplifiers.

Circuit Diagram

4 x 12 W power amplifier with dynamic distortion detector and diagnostic interface

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DC to AC with NE 555

This is a inverter schema by using this schema you can get 230v current.If your an under age one be careful when you deal with this.Always try to get the assistance of an elder.If there was a fault we cant get the responsibility of it.

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FM Transmitter Circuit with MAX2606

FM transmitter schema which is build using single chip of MAX2606. A very simple FM transmitter connects your home-entertainment system to a portable radio that will be carried surrounding the house and into the back yard. As an example, it is possible to play music on the CD player in your private room, and listen to it on a portable radio by the back-yard barbeque.



IC1 is a voltage-controlled oscillator with integrated varactor. Its nominal frequency of oscillation is set by inductor L1, and a 390nH value places that frequency at 100MHz. Potentiometer R1 then allows you to choose a channel by tuning above the FM band of 88MHz to 108MHz. Output power is about -21dBm into 50 (most nations accept emissions below 10dBm in the FM band).

The home systems left and right audio signals are summed by R3 and R4, and attenuated by the (optional) potentiometer R2. R2s wiper signal serves as a volume adjustment by modulating the RF frequency. Signals above 60mV introduce distortion, so the pot attenuates down from that level.

In the absence of a common FM radio antenna, 75cm (30 inches) of wire will suffice as a transmitting antenna. For most effective reception, it need to be mounted parallel with the receiving antenna. The IC operates on a single power supply voltage inside the range 3V to 5V, but it is best to regulate the applied voltage to reduce frequency drift and noise.

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Simple 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Wiring diagram Schematic

Simple 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram. This is a Build a 3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram. This dc converter is built with the CMOS version of 555 timer. You can get 12V too if you change the zener diode to a 12V version.

3 volt to 9 volt with LMC555 Circuit Diagram

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Timer with about 10 minutes

Applications of 555 timer IC is very diverse, one series of 10 Minute Timer with IC 555. 10 Minute Timer This circuit uses IC NE555 is set as a monostable multivibrator. The timing of the timer circuit 10 minutes with the IC 555 is governed by the configuration of C2, R4 and R5. The greater the value of C2 at 10-minute timer circuit with IC 555 timer is active then the time will stay longer. 

Total resistance value between R4 and R5 also determine the active circuit 10 minute timer with IC 555, where the greater the value the longer time was also active. The core active setting the timer on the set of C2 charging time for 10 minutes on the timer circuit with IC 555. So, with the value of C2 remain so with time on the circuit timing Timer 10 minutes by IC 555 can be set by changing the resistance value R 4 + R 5. Indicators of active timer at 10 minute timer circuit with IC 555 uses the LED D2 and D3 will light up only one course to identify the active timer and the timer has not been met.

Figure 10 Minute Timer circuit with IC 555

Description:

S1 is used to set / reset timer

R5 is used to set the timer to the desired time

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AM Receiver circuit with MK484

This is a AM Receiver with single IC MK484. If your are interested to build this radio schema, you may buy the kits include the component part list at kitsrus.com.

Part list:

R9, R10_________ 6R8 R6_____________ 100R R3_____________ 1K R1_____________ 4K7 R7_____________ 5K6 R4_____________ 10K R2_____________ 100K R5_____________ 150K R8_____________ 820K Pot_____________ 10K log pot Coil & ferrite bar set

C7______________ 470p ceramic C, C4, C5, C6_____ 470nF monoblock C2______________ 100nF monoblock C3, C8___________ 100uF electrolytic capacitor VariCap__________ 60/160 AM tuning cap D1, D2, D3, D4____ 1N4148 diode Q1, Q3___________ BC548 Q2______________ BC558 IC1_____________ MK484 AM radio IC TO92 Speaker__________ 0.5 or 1W, 8 ohm speaker

Visit this AM Radio Receiver for more explanation.

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Voltage Regulator with Shutdown Digital Wiring diagram Schematic

This Voltage Regulator with Shutdown Digital Circuit Diagram is very interesting, it uses an LM317 regulator schema that allows external control in a dangerous situation to turn off the regulator output in response to the trigger. The schema is configured to output five volts suitable for all TTL logic diagram. The selected values ​​of R1 and R2 set the output to the required 5V, R2 can be changed to other values ​​other output voltages.

In unfavorable external trigger switches the transistor instantly putting R2 shorted to ground, knocking the output to zero volts.As the schema is equipped with the function off by an external trigger, it is extremely suitable for many critical applications and for use in Arduino projects.

Voltage Regulator with Shutdown Digital Circuit Diagram

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Volt meters ampere meter with PIC

Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC can be used to measure voltage and current simultaneously. The series of volt meters & ampere meter with PIC16F876A PIC is used as a data processor voltage and current are measured. 

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Simple Negative Adjustable Power supply with 7905

Often we have to adjust the tension of a negative supply and do not have the ideal component hand, this schema in addition to solving this problem, serves up a Power Adjustable Negative. He use the regulator 9v negative, 7905, the envés to use with fixed voltage, we can use it as a variable regulator. The 7905 in this configuration can adjust the output from -5 to-30V with an input of up to-35V. See table below.

Example: Vin = -20 V

Radj	Vout
33	-5,74
100	-6,99
330	-11,03
680	-18,20

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Simple FM transmitter with 2N3904

In this section discuss about the series of mini fm transmitter, with broadcast coverage of about 300-400 meters. when using a 9 volt working voltage, the transmit power of about 300 meters and when using the working voltage 12 volts, the range of about 400-450 meters, depending on the antenna you use.

This scheme of simple fm transmitter

For L1 and L2 windings 5 times the wrap, you can use a pen to fill melilitnya so neat and after lepaslah content of these pens. C5 is used for placement of broadcasting frequencies, can be tuned between 88-108 mhz, to reach further use steering antenna or Yagi antenna.

Part List

C1 = 0.001uF

C2 = 5.6pF

C3 = 10uF
C4 = 10uF
C5 = 3 - 18pF Adjustable capacitor

R1 = 270R

R2 = 4.7K

R3 = 10K

R4 = 100K

R5 = 4.7K

R6 = 4.7K

Q1 = 2N2222A

Q2 = 2N3904

L1 = 5 turn

L2 = 5 turn

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Adjustable Switching Regulator Circuit with LM2576

The Adjustable Switching Regulator Circuit with LM2576 are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving 3A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V, and an adjustable output version.

LM2576 IC Package

Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency compensation and a fixed-frequency oscillator. The Adjustable Switching Regulator Circuit with LM2576 offers a high-efficiency replacement for popular three-terminal linear regulators. It substantially reduces the size of the heat sink, and in some cases no heat sink is required.

IC Switching Regulator Circuit with LM2576

A standard Adjustable Switching Regulator Circuit with LM2576 of inductors optimized for use with the LM2576 are available from several different manufacturers. This feature greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode power supplies.

Other features include a guaranteed ±4% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load conditions, and ±10% on the oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring 50 μA (typical) standby current. The output switch includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions.

Features Adjustable Switching Regulator Circuit with LM2576 :
- 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V, and adjustable output versions
- Adjustable version output voltage range,1.23V to 37V
- Guaranteed 3A output current
- Wide input voltage range, 40V up to 60V for HV version
- Requires only 4 external components
- 52 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator
- TTL shutdown capability, low power standby mode
- High efficiency
- Uses readily available standard inductors
- Thermal shutdown and current limit protection
- P+ Product Enhancement tested

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